Transfer of Thermal Energy

Convection is the process where thermal heat energy is transmitted through a liquid or gas by the movement of heated particles. The particles of a liquid or gas can move from one place to another so convection can only take place in liquid. Convection can occur faster in gas because gas expands more than liquid when heated.

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Radiation is the process of thermal energy transferred by electromagnetic waves with/without a medium. In radiation, the heat source transmit thermal energy in the forms of waves, known as infra-red radiation. When an object absorbed the waves, it turns into thermal energy. The sun can only radiate the heat to Earth because conduction and convection cannot occur in the presence of a mediumThe rate of thermal energy transfer by radiation is affected by the surface temperature of the object, the colour and texture of the object and the surface area of the object.

Convection