The Chemistry of Life

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The Chemistry of Life

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The Atom

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Consists of...

Electrons

Protons

Neutrons

Substance made of one atom is an...

Multiple elementscombined are...

Element

Compounds

Sodium Chloride

Atoms can bond in different ways...

Ionic Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Electrons traded

Electrons shared

Ions

Molecules

(NaCl)

Macromolecules

Monomers (small) combine to form polymers (large).Polymerization

Carbon

Can bond with many other atoms including itself. Found in almost all living things.

Protons and Neutrons in nucleus (center) with electrons orbiting the nucleus.

van der Waals forces

Slight attraction between oppositively charged areas of nearby molecules

Organic Compounds

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Used as a main source of energy. Examples are starches and sugars.

Used to store energy. Examples are oils, fats and waxes.

Stores and transmits hereditary, or genetic, information. Examples are DNA and RNA.

Can control the rate of reactions and cell processes, are used to form bones and muscles, and transport substances into or out of cells or help to fight disease.

Chemical Reactions

In chemical reactions, chemical bonds are broken and built. Sometimes, energy is needed to make it react, and sometimes no energy is needed.

One chemical changes into another. Process involves reactants, which originally enter reaction, and products, which are the result.

Enzymes

Enzymes act a a biological catalyst. Naturally speeds up reactions. Reactants that act with enzymes are called substrates.