Separating Mixture

Separating Mixtures in Everyday Life

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Separation technique: Fractional DistillationPrinciple behind fractional distillation:Fractional distillation is used to separate a mixture of miscible liquids(liquids that can be mixed together completely to form a single homogeneous solution) with different boiling points. Since artificial white vinegar comprises of miscible liquids which have different boiling points, I can easily use this separation technique to separate the vinegar into its different components.How does it work?Based on the diagram setup, the vinegar is heated according to the boiling points of the components, from the component with the lowest boiling point to the highest boiling point.When it is heated to the boiling point of one component, that substance rises into the condenser and condenses, and is collected in the beaker.Separation technique that cannot be used:Filtration. The different miscible liquid particles of the vinegar are too small to be separated by filter paper. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Artificial White Vinegar

Chocolate Drink

Separation technique:Paper ChromatographyPrinciple behind paper chromatography:Paper chromatography is used to separate two or more components that have different solubilities in the same solvent(in the diagram setup distilled water is the solvent).Most of the components in shampoo have different solubilities, thus paper chromatography could be used to separate shampoo into its different components.How does it work?Based on the diagram setup, a portion of filter paper is in contact with the solvent(water)in the container and a line is drawn on the filter paper above the water level. Then, a drop of shampoo is placed on the line. The water travels up the filter paper and the shampoo dissolves and travels up the paper at different rates, separating the shampoo into its different components.Separation technique that cannot be used:Sublimation. The components in the shampoo are liquids and cannot sublime.

2. Shampoo

Separation technique: Crystallisation and Simple DistillationPrinciple behind it:Crystallisation is used to obtain a soluble solid that decomposes upon heating from its solution. Sugar is present in chocolate drinks and will decompose upon heating during the simple distillation process, thus crystallisation is used to separate the sugar from the drink first. Then, to obtain pure water, simple distillation is used to separate the remaining contents of the chocolate drink from the water.

Separation technique that cannot be used:Magnetic attraction. The particles in the chocolate drink are not magnetic, hencecould not be separated by this technique.

Fractional Distillation Setup

Paper Chromatography Setup

CrystallisationSetup