Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Mitosis

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The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells.This cycle starts with interphase.During interphase, the cell copies its DNA and grows in preparation for division.Mitosis is the fourth stage of the cell cycle.It includes the process of cytokinesis.Mitosis is the division of the cell nucleus and its contents.Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cell cytoplasm.The process results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the original cell.There are four stages to mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.Prophase is the first phase of mitosis when chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell.Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator.Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.Telophase is the last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble.

Meiosis

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Meiosis is a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.This process involves two rounds of cell division, known as meiosis I and meiosis II.Meiosis I divides homologous chromosomes, which produces two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes.Meiosis I begins with prophase I when DNA coils into chromosomes, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear, the mitotic spindle forms, and synapsis (crossing-over) occurs.Metaphase I is when spindle fibers align the homologous chromosomes along the cell equator.Anaphase I is when the paired homologous chromosomes separate and move toward opposite sides of the cell.Telophase I is when the spindle fibers disassemble and the cell undergoes cytokinesis.Then, the cell goes through meiosis II, which divides sister, chromatids, producing haploid cells.Prophase II is when the centrosomes and centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, and spindle fibers start to assemble.Metaphase II is when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator.Anaphase II is when the sister chromatids are pulled apart from each other and move to opposite sides of the cell.Telophase is when the nuclear membranes form again around the chromosomes, the spindle fibers break apart, and the cell under goes cytokinesis.

Quizes and Animataions

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