Fetal Heart Rate Assessment

Hon reports preliminary EFM research

The History of Fetal Heart Rate Assessment

1818

1821

1893

1906

1958

History

Kergaradec obtains FHR by stehoscope and realtes FHR to fetal well-being

Von Winckel publishes text with auscultation criteria for diagnosing fetal distress

a Swiss surgeon, Mayor, reported the presence of fetal heart sounds by listening with his ear to a woman's abdomen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2o6zBgX1dc

Cremer uses abdominal and intravaginal leads for fetal ECG

Hammacher and Hewlett-Packard market commercial EFM

1992: AWHONN introduces a standardized FHR monitoring education program

1968

Haverkamp reports randomized trial comparing EFM and ausculation

1976