[2015] Lacy Russell (PN2 Pediatrics 10/15): Congenital Heart Defects

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Transposition of the great vessels

Etiology : Mostly unknown however there are probable environmental and genetic risk factors.- ENVIRONMENTAL -GENETICS - intrauterine rubella exposure - family history - maternal alcoholism - chromosomal anomalies - diabetes mellitus - presence of other - advanced maternal age noncardiac anomalies - maternal drug ingestion

Coarctation of the aorta

Atrial Septal Defect

* Risk for infection, related to debilitated physical status *

* Decreased cardiac output, relatedto structural defect *

CongenitalHeart Defects

- Highlights -PDA: Machinelike murmur audible at the upper left sternal border, widened pulse pressureASD: Harsh systolic murmur over the third intercostal spaceVSD: Loud harsh systolic murmur and a palpable thrillTetralogy: Acute episodes of severe cyanosis and hypoxia (blue spells) at birth. Children exhibit clubbing of nailbeds, dyspnea, squatting and poor growthTransposition: Profound cyanosisCoarctation: Bounding pulses in the lower extremities, leg cramping upon exertion

Ventricular Septal Defect

Tetralogy of Fallot