Chapter 23: Plant Evolution And Biology

How Bryophytes reproduce

Chapter 23: Plant Evolution ' BiologyEric and Seth

Bryophytes

Different Phyla within the Plantae Kingdom

Adaptations such as living on land, alternation of generations and vascular tissue define modern plants

All plants evolved from algae

Cladogram of steps of acquired traits over millions of years

Seed Plants

Vascular Plants

Bryophytes

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are the phyla in this kingdom. They are non-vascular (lack vascular tissue) but share most other traits with vascular plants

the first plants to adapt to land

Plant Ancestry

Defined as all plants which have the vascular tissues xylem (transports water) and phloem (transports nutrients)

Vascular Plants

Seed Plants

fun video on how vascular plants reproduce!

Lycophytes are vascular plants which first developed leaves and roots. In modern times, they are called club mosses and have a variety of unique structures

Pteridophytes are ferns and related plants such as horsetails. They evolved to allow efficient photosynthesis. Ferns are unique in their ability to live on the ground or as epiphytes (in/on trees)

Normal vascular plants which reproduce using seeds and pollination to fertilize rather than spores. The two types in existance today are gymnosperms and angiosperms

Gymnosperms are plants containing "naked seeds" (not surrounded by fruit). They are divided into conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes, all of which use slightly varying methods of reproduction.

Angiosperms are flowering seed plants which vary in everything from habitat to shape. Most plants used by humans are in this phylum as we use their flowers, stems and fruit for many things. They reproduce by pollination of flowers.