Acid, Base and Salt

Acids, Bases and SaltsAcid:A substance which only produces positive hydrogen ions, as the only positive ion, when dissolved in waterBases:Substances that reacts with acids to produce a type of salt and water.

pH Scale

Acids

Not all atoms with hydrogen atoms are acid; only substances that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are acidThe most common type of acids used in laboratory is sulfuric acid, nitic acid and hydrochloric acidSulfuric acids are commonly used in the making of detergents, fertilizers and used as a battery acid in vehicle

Physical Properties

-Taste sour-Dissolves in water to form solutions which are electrical conductors-Corrosive-Has a pH value ranging from 1 to 7-Change the colour of a blue litmus paper to red

Chemical Properties

-When a metal is added into an acid, a salt and hydrogen gas would be formed-When carbonate is added into an acid, salt, water and carbon dioxide would be formed-When a base or an alkali is added into an acid, salt and water would be formed

Chemical Properties of Acids

-Reaction of acid and metal-Reaction of acid and carbonate-Reaction of acid and bases/alkalis

Bases are metal oxides or metal hydroxideAlkali are bases that can dissolve in waterWhen dissolved in water, alkali produces OH- ions

Base and Alkaline

Physical Properties

-Taste bitter-Slippery/soapy-Electrical conductors-Has a pH value ranging from 7 to 14-Change the colour of a red litmus paper to blue

pH Indicators

Chemical Properties

-Reaction of acid and bases/alkalis-Reaction of bases/alkalis with ammonium salt

Universal Indicator Colour Chart

The universal indicator is a dye that change to a different colour in solutions of different acidity or alkaline

Type of Oxides

Preparation of Salt